PUBLIC EDUCATION OF GRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET SCIENCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Issue 1 from 01.01.2014

В статье предпринята попытка, опираясь на данные официальной статистики науки, провести сравнительный анализ государственной политики в отношении научных кадров и аспирантуры в советской и постсоветской России. Рассмотрены динамика численности научных работников и аспирантов, их взаимная связь, соотношение численности аспирантов в НИИ и вузах, особенности аспирантуры в социальных науках, а также ценностные функции института аспирантуры в советской и постсоветской России. Один из основных выводов: аспирантура в постсоветской России утратила свою изначальную ценностно-целевую функцию - подготовку высококвалифицированных научных кадров в целях их профессиональной деятельности в научно-образовательной сфере России.

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The rise and decline of science in Russia (1950-2005): A historiographic and scientometric analysis

Issue 2 from 01.06.2008

The number of scientific workers is one of the chief characteristics of the level of the development of scientific research in a country. In Russia, the number of scientists grew by a factor of 9.2 between 1950 and 1988, and decreased by afactorof 2.5 (from 992.6 to 391.1 thousand) between 1990 and 2005. The fastest growth (90 percent) occurred during the 1950s, whereas by the 1980s it slowed down to 10 percent. The analysis and proper interpretation of these data require a careful consideration of the sources, their methods of counting, and an account of historical and social contexts.

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The evolution of science studies and the relationship between its subdisciplines (40 years of science studies in Russia)

Issue 4 from 01.12.2006

In the course of its 40 years of history in Russia, science studies has experienced rises and falls in both methodological and applied directions. The deficiency of applied investiga- 198ABSTRACTS tions during the Soviet period turned into their predominance in the field after the launch of perestroika, with research on cadre flight, the brain drain, new organizations, and budget problems in science. In the last few years, the interest of Russian as well as Ukrainian researchers started returning to methodological and theoretical problems of science studies. This article analyzes the structure of science studies as a field, the emergence of science demography within it, and the developing connectivity matrix trend between various subdisciplines of science studies. The stage of paired interdisciplinarity (as in the case of social psychology of science) has been reached, whereas higher and more complex relationships can only be anticipated in a longer perspective.

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