- PII
- S020595920018767-9-
- DOI
- 10.31857/S020595920018767-9
- Publication type
- Article
- Status
- Published
- Authors
- Volume/ Edition
- Volume 43 / Issue 1
- Pages
- 32-41
- Abstract
The study is devoted to the problem of cognitive patterns appear during perception of the Other when receiving uncertain information about his/her Dark Triad traits. The goal is to determine the characteristics of verbal information that falls into the attentional focus, when assessing his/her ambivalent image, and to trace the dynamics of this information under conditions of pre-stimulus exposure. The hypothesis of a higher subjective significance of negative information about the Other, as well as its subjective weakening in conditions of extremely negative pre-stimulus, is being tested. The study involved 406 students from 17 to 32 years old (M = 20.4, SD = 1.56), 114 male and 292 female. The participants were asked to estimate the ambivalent Other who answered the questions of Dark Triad Short Questionnaire, demonstrating alternately “dark” and “light” features, and also to indicate which responses of the object helped to form a final attitude to him. The participants of the two contrasting groups were asked also to estimate images of an extremely “bad” (“dark”) or “good” person perceiving before the target object, while the participants in the basic group were asked to estimate only the ambivalent Other. It was found that negative (not socially approved) expressions of an ambivalent Other, were the matter of the greatest subjective importance for respondents. Besides, the expressions of narcissism attracted the greatest attention, but were less connected with the attitude components than those of psychopathy. In general, the final attitude towards the ambivalent Other reveals weak connections with subjective ideas about its verbal sources. It was shown that an extremely negative pre-stimulus reduced the subjective significance of negative information (p < 0.05), and an extremely positive one did not have such effects. The results are explained in terms of the cognitive concept of the “salience map”, empirical data on the priming effects and Error Management Theory.
- Keywords
- Date of publication
- 01.03.2022
- Number of purchasers
- 11
- Views
- 272
References
- 1. Baleva M.V. Drugoi, pokhozhii na menya: osobennosti vnutrigruppovoi pertseptsii yunoshei i devushek s raznoi vyrazhennost'yu negativnykh chert lichnosti. Sibirskii psikhologicheskii zhurnal. 2019. № 74. P. 64–87. DOI: 10.17223/17267080/74/4. (In Russian)
- 2. Egorova M.S., Sitnikova M.A., Parshikova O.V. Adaptatsiya Korotkogo oprosnika Temnoi triady. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya. 2015. V. 8. № 43. P. 1. URL: http://psystudy.ru (data obrashcheniya: 12.06.2021). (In Russian)
- 3. Zhuravleva N.A. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie faktory tolerantnogo otnosheniya k vzglyadam i mneniyam drugikh lyudei. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal. 2017. V. 38. № 2. P. 32–43. (In Russian)
- 4. Krasavtseva Yu.V., Kornilova T.V. Nartsissizm kak “svetlyi” aspekt v Temnoi Triade. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya. 2019. V. 27. № 4. P. 65–80. DOI: 10.17759/ cpp.2019270405. (In Russian)
- 5. Shchebetenko S.A., Baleva M.V., Kornienko D.S. Stereotip i sotsial'naya ugroza kak faktory vospriyatiya immigrantov russkimi. Vestnik Permskogo gosudarstvennogo instituta iskusstva i kul'tury. 2007. V. 3. № 1. P. 57–69. (In Russian)
- 6. Awh E., Belopolsky A.V., Theeuwes J. Top-down versus bottom-up attentional control: a failed theoretical dichotomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2012. № 16 (8). P. 437–443. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.06.010.
- 7. Blai I.V., Banaji M.R. Automatic and controlled processes in stereotype priming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1996. № 70 (6). P. 1142–1163. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1142.
- 8. Bruce N.D.B., Tsotsos J.K. Saliency, attention, and visual search: An information theoretic approach. Journal of Vision. 2009. № 9 (3). P. 1–24.
- 9. Chikkerur S., Serre T., Tan C., Poggio T. What and where: a Bayesian inference theory of attention. Vision Research. 2010. № 50 (22). P. 2233–2247. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.013.
- 10. Cuddy A.J.C., Fiske S.T., Glick P. The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007. № 92 (4). P. 631–648. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631.
- 11. Fecteau J.H., Munoz D.P. Salience, relevance, and firing: a priority map for target selection. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2006. № 10 (8). P. 382–390. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.06.011.
- 12. Fecteau J.H., Bell A.H., Munoz D.P. Neural correlates of automatic and goal-driven biases in orienting spatial attention. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2004. № 92 (3). P. 1728–1737. DOI: 10.1152/jn.00184.2004.
- 13. Feldman H., Friston K.J. Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 2010. № 4, Article 215. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2010.00215.
- 14. Grijalva E., Harms, P., Newman D., Gaddis, B., Fraley R. Narcissism and Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships. Personnel Psychology. 2015. № 68. P. 1–47. DOI: 10.1111/peps.12072.
- 15. Haselton M.G., Buss D.M. Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000. № 78 (1). P. 81–91. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.81.
- 16. Herr P.M., Sherman S.J., Fazio R.H. On the consequences of priming: Assimilation and contrast effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1983. № 19 (4). P. 323–340. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1031(83)90026-4.
- 17. Human L.J., Biesanz J.C. Target Adjustment and Self-Other Agreement: Utilizing Trait Observability to Disentangle Judgeability and Self-Knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2011, № 101 (1). P. 202–216. DOI: 10.1037/a0023782.
