- PII
- S102694520022227-0-
- DOI
- 10.31857/S102694520022227-0
- Publication type
- Article
- Status
- Published
- Authors
- Volume/ Edition
- Volume / Issue 9
- Pages
- 128-139
- Abstract
The basis for this study was the marked similarity of the geographical position of Canada and the Russian Federation as states with a significant continental part in the Arctic and the longest coasts in the Arctic. The interest in the Canadian experience of implementing the Arctic legal policy and, in particular, solving the problem of the legal regime of the Northwest Passage, is caused by the similar problems facing the Russian Federation in relation to the waters of the Arctic straits of the Northern Sea Route. The article deals with the following problematic issues: the role of the sectoral principle in the history of the formation of the status of Canada’s Arctic spaces; the practice of environmental national-legislative regulation of Canada in the Arctic; the concept of historical waters: historical titles in the system of direct baselines in the justification of Canada’s rights to Arctic Sea spaces; Canada’s historically formed position regarding the passage through its Arctic waters foreign courts; experience in the formation of legal titles of the Russian state for the Arctic spaces.
The objective of this scientific study is to identify trends in the practice of Canada’s use of historical titles when extending sovereignty and jurisdiction to the adjacent Arctic Sea spaces. The aim is to formulate possible recommendations for improving the normative and law enforcement practice of Russia in this area.
- Keywords
- Arctic Sea spaces, historical titles, inland waters, baselines, sectoral principle, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Northwest Passage, Northern Sea Rout
- Date of publication
- 28.09.2022
- Year of publication
- 2022
- Number of purchasers
- 13
- Views
- 554
References
- 1. The Arctic region: problems of international cooperation: anthology: in 3 vols. M., 2013. Vol. 3. P. 23, 77 - 82. P. 140 (in Russ.).
- 2. Volodin D.A. How Canada became an Arctic power // USA & Canada: economics - politics - culture. 2018. Issue 11. P. 85 - 98. DOI: 10.31857/S032120680001913-8 (in Russ.).
- 3. Vylegzhanin A.N. Historical waters: the problem of substantiating the status // Actual problems of International Law. International legal problems of the territory: collection of scientific works / editorial board: F.I. Kozhevnikov, G.P. Zadorozhny, E.S. Krivchikova. M., 1980 (in Russ.).
- 4. International Law: studies for academic undergraduate studies / ed. by A.N. Vylegzhanin: in 2 vols. 3rd ed., reprint and add. M., 2015. Vol. 1. P. 116, 117 (Bachelor. Academic course) (in Russ.).
- 5. Nikolaev A.N., Bunik I.V. International legal justification of Canada’s rights to its Arctic sector // Moscow Journal of International Relations law. 2007. No. 1. P. 6, 13 (in Russ.).
- 6. Nolde A.E. On the history of drafting the “Code of Steppe Laws of Nomadic aliens of Eastern Siberia”. M., 2011 (in Russ.).
- 7. Blum Y.Z. Historic Titles in International Law, 1965. P. 296, 297
- 8. Boyd S.B. The Legal Status of the Arctic Sea Ice: A Comparative Study and a Proposal // Canadian Yearbook of International Law. 1984. Vol. 22. P. 105. Cit. in: Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 1156–1159.
- 9. Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 1151, 1176–1178. URL: http://law.vanderbilt.edu/publications/journal-of-transnational-law/archives/volume-42-number-4/download.aspx?id=4308
- 10. Canadian Practice in International Law during 1980 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs // Canadian Yearbook of International Law. 1980. Vol. 19. P. 322. Cit. in: Lalonde S. Increased Traffic Through Canadian Arctic Waters: Canada’s State of Readiness // Revue juridique Themis. 2004. Vol. 38. P. 76.
- 11. Dufresne R. Controversial Canadian Claims over Arctic Waters and Maritime Zones // PRB 07-47E. Parliamentary Information and Research Service. Library of Parliament. Ottawa. 10 January 2008. P. 3, 4. URL: http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/prb0747-e.pdf
- 12. Jia B.B. The Regime of Straits in International Law. New York, 1998. P. 73 - 75. URL: http://books.google.ru/books?id=FkJtP1YVf_8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Regime+of+Straits+in+International+Law&hl=ru&ei=LaPGTcGOFIiaOp6lze0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true
- 13. Joe Clark. Sec’y of State for External Affairs, Statement on Sovereignty. 10 September 1985 // Politics of the Northwest Passage. Franklyn Griffiths ed., 1987. P. 271. Cit. in: Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 1161.
- 14. Killas M. The Legality of Canada’s Claims to the Waters of its Arctic Archipelago. P. 113. Cit. in: Lalonde S. Increased Traffic Through Canadian Arctic Waters: Canada’s State of Readiness // Revue juridique Themis. 2004. Vol. 38. P. 71. URL: http://www.editionsthemis.com/uploaded/revue/article/rjtvol38num1/02-Lalonde.pdf
- 15. Lalonde S. Increased Traffic Through Canadian Arctic Waters: Canada’s State of Readiness // Revue juridique Themis. 2004. Vol. 38. P. 60–63, 66, 67, 76, 80. URL: http://www.editionsthemis.com/uploaded/revue/article/rjtvol38num1/02-Lalonde.pdf
- 16. Pearson L.B. Canada Looks Down North // Foreign Affairs. 1946. Vol. 24. P. 639. Cit. in: Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 1147. URL: http://law.vanderbilt.edu/publications/journal-of-transnational-law/archives/volume-42-number-4/download.aspx?id=4308
- 17. Pharand D. Canada’s Arctic Jurisdiction in International Law // Dalhousie Law Journal. 1983. Vol. 7. P. 329, 330.
- 18. Pharand D. Canada’s Arctic Waters in International Law. P. 111, 121, 122. Cit. in: Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 152–154, 1153 - 1156.
- 19. Pharand D. Canada’s Arctic Waters in International Law. P. 216. Cit. in: Lalonde S. Increased Traffic Through Canadian Arctic Waters: Canada’s State of Readiness // Revue juridique Themis. 2004. Vol. 38. P. 86.
- 20. Pharand D. Canada’s Arctic Waters in International Law. P. 15, 16. Cit. in: Proells A., Müller T. The Legal Regime of the Arctic Ocean // Heidelberg Journal of International Law. 2008. Vol. 68. P. 659.
- 21. Pharand D. Les problèmes de droit international de l’Arctique. P. 152 - 154. URL: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/702464ar
- 22. Pharand D. The Arctic Waters and the Northwest Passage: A Final Revisit. P. 38-40. Cit. in: Byers M., Lalonde S. Who Controls the Northwest Passage? // Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 1174.
- 23. Proells A., Müller T. The Legal Regime of the Arctic Ocean // Heidelberg Journal of International Law. 2008. Vol. 68. P. 655, 658 - 660.
- 24. Pullen T.C., MacDonald H.I. S.S.Manhattan’s Northwest Passage Voyage—Observations by Canada’s Representative (Feb. 12, 1970). Transcribed in: The Empire Club of Canada Addresses. 1970. URL: http://speeches.empireclub.org/details.asp?r=vs&ID= 61281&number=1
- 25. Timtchenko L. The Russian Arctic Sectoral Concept: Past and Present // Arctic. 1997. Vol. 50. No. 1. P. 29 (Citing Canada Senate Debates. 1907. P. 271). URL: http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/1088/1114
- 26. Watt-Cloutier S. Petition to the Inter American Commission on Human Rights Seeking Relief from Violations Resulting from Global Warming Caused by Acts and Omissions of the United States. 2005. URL: http://www.earthjustice.org/library/legal_docs/petition-to-the-inter-american-commission-on-human-rights-on-behalf-of-the-inuit-circumpolar-conference.pdf
