RAS PresidiumВопросы истории естествознания и техники Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki

  • ISSN (Print) 0205-9606
  • ISSN (Online) 2713-041X

How One Can be Wildly Jealous and Wildly Interested: the Polysemy of Adjectives Denoting Wild Animals in the Field of Human Life

PII
S160578800023676-9-
DOI
10.31857/S160578800023676-9
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Volume/ Edition
Volume 81 / Issue 6
Pages
89-101
Abstract

Based on the data of various European languages, the article considers the polysemy of adjectives initially meaning WILD, UNTAMED (animal) when used to characterize human character and behavior. In such contexts, these adjectives develop four major meanings, so that the result of the semantic derivation can be described with semantic labels 1) SHY; 2) RUDE, IMPOLITE; 3) AGGRESSIVE; 4) IMPULSIVE. The cognitive mechanism of the semantic shifts WILD, UNTAMED  RUDE, IMPOLITE and especially WILD, UNTAMED  AGGRESSIVE; WILD, UNTAMED  IMPULSIVE, is apparently based upon the perception of a prototypical wild animal as predatory and dangerous to humans, whereas the meaning SHY emerged on the basis of a more general opposition between human and animal life. In addition, the semantic development of adjectives denoting WILD, UNTAMED can go further due to their compatibility with names of emotions, so that the adjective (or the adverb derived therefrom) can be used in a wider range of contexts, realizing the lexical function “Magn”, i.e. labelling a high degree of a given feature (semantic label VERY). All the semantic shifts cited in the article are common in European languages, demonstrating importance of these instances of polysemy for the conceptualization of reality encoded therein.

Keywords
semantic typology, semantic shifts, cognitive metaphor, intensificators, zoonymy, anthroponymy, natural language metaphysics
Date of publication
19.12.2022
Year of publication
2022
Number of purchasers
10
Views
393

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