Везде
Key challenges for BRICS at the current stage
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
Key challenges for BRICS at the current stage
Annotation
PII
S207054760023450-2-
DOI
10.18254/S207054760023450-2
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Andrey Yevseenko 
ORCID: 0000-0003-3409-5901
Occupation: Academic Secretary
Affiliation: Georgy Arbatov Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN)
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Issue 6
Abstract

The urgency of further building up cooperation within the framework of the BRICS forum has increased after the start of the Russian special military operation in Ukraine. However, the ties within the grouping cannot be based solely on the promotion of Chinese or Russian interests, nor on a rigid anti-Western platform. The projects initiated within that framework need to be broader in scope. This requires not only building up cooperation inside of already established relationships, but also attracting new participants. Each of the latter has certain advantages and disadvantages in terms of strengthening BRICS potential. Therefore, it is important not only to determine the trajectory of development of the association, but also its priority tasks. The dichotomy between its functionality and scale will continue to hold back the development of BRICS. Nevertheless, the interest of the developing countries of the non-Western world towards the forum from is going to persist.

Keywords
BRICS, developing countries, economics, China, Russia, cooperation, world order
Received
28.09.2022
Date of publication
07.12.2022
Number of purchasers
10
Views
447
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Previous versions
S207054760023450-2-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 07.12.2022
Cite Download pdf

References

1. Human Development Reports. United Nation Development Program. 11.06.2022. URL: https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads (accessed: 10.10.2022).

2. Gbadamosi A. Understanding the Developed/Developing Country Taxonomy. Advocates for International Development. 09.07.2022. URL: https://www.a4id.org/policy/understanding-the-developeddeveloping-country-taxonomy/ (accessed: 12.09.2022).

3. World Economic Situation Prospects 2022. United Nations: official site. 19.09.2022. URL: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/uploads/sites/45/WESP2022_ANNEX.pdf (accessed: 29.09.2022).

4. Ehksperty obsudili rol' BRIKS v global'nom upravlenii. Rossijskij sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam. 29.07.2022. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/news/eksperty-obsudili-rol-briks-v-globalnom-upravlenii/ (accessed: 01.08.2022).

5. Razumovskij D.V. BRIKS – obretenie vtorogo dykhaniya? Mezhdunarodnyj diskussionnyj klub «Valdaj». 13.07.2022. URL: https://ru.valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/briks-obretenie-vtorogo-dykhaniya/ (accessed: 28.07.2022).

6. Andreoni M. What happened to the BRICS bank? // The Third Pole. 18.11.2019. URL: https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/new-development-bank/ (accessed: 14.08.2022).

7. Modak P. The New Development Bank Turns Six: Evaluating Successes, Failures and Challenges // Center for Public Policy Research. 26.07.2021. URL: https://www.cppr.in/articles/the-new-development-bank-turns-six-evaluating-successes-failures-and-challenges

8. How BRICS’ New Development Bank can improve transparency and accountability // The Conversation. 13.07.2022. URL: https://theconversation.com/how-brics-new-development-bank-can-improve-transparency-and-accountability-186265 (accessed: 21.08.2022).

9. The Contribution of Customs to Economic Competitiveness. World Customs Organization. 23.11.2021. URL: http://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/key-issues/ecp/the-contribution-of-customs-to-economic-competitiveness.pdf?la=en (accessed: 16.08.2022).

10. Komarova A. V MEhR ozvuchili usloviya sozdaniya novoj rezervnoj valyuty BRIKS. Banki.Ru [ehlektronnyj resurs] 27.06.2022. URL: https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=10968546 (data obrascheniya: 03.08.2022).

11. Shul'gin M. Rezervnaya valyuta BRIKS. Razmyshleniya na temu dedollarizatsii. Finam [ehlektronnyj resurs]. 27.06.2022. URL:https://www.finam.ru/publications/item/rezervnaya-valyuta-briks-razmyshleniya-na-temu-dedollarizacii-20220627-142002 (data obrascheniya: 03.08.2022).

12. Liu, Z., & Papa, M. (2022). Can BRICS De-dollarize the Global Financial System? (Elements in the Economics of Emerging Markets). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI:10.1017/9781009029544

13. Qinqin P., Jia D., Cheng K. Analysis: China's CIPS cannot rescue Russian banks from SWIFT ban // Nikkei Asia. 03.03.2022. URL: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Caixin/Analysis-China-s-CIPS-cannot-rescue-Russian-banks-from-SWIFT-ban (accessed: 23.09.2022).

14. Jiménez A. South Africa’s role in the BRICS. Working Paper. University of Navarra. 29.03.2019. URL: https://www.unav.edu/documents/16800098/17755721/DT-01-2019_South-Africa_ENG+%281%29.pdf (accessed: 12.08.2022).

15. Vstrecha «BRIKS plyus». Kremlin.ru [ehlektronnyj resurs]. 24.06.2022. URL: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68700/videos (data obrascheniya: 16.08.2022).

16. Arapova E., Lisovolik Ya. BRIKS+: otvet Global'nogo Yuga na novye vyzovy (v kontekste kitajskogo predsedatel'stva v BRIKS). Mezhdunarodnyj diskussionnyj klub «Valdaj». URL: https://ru.valdaiclub.com/files/41948/ (data obrascheniya: 07.08.2022).

17. Sergej Ryabkov: Nam dejstvitel'no ob'yavlena total'naya vojna // Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn'. 07.09.2022. URL: https://interaffairs.ru/news/show/36895 (data obrascheniya: 12.09.2022).

18. Gonzalez E. Argentina’s perpetual crisis // El Pais. 05.03.2021. URL:https://english.elpais.com/usa/2021-03-05/argentinas-perpetual-crisis.html (accessed: 10.09.2022).

19. Argentina. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 13.11.2021. URL:https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/w/country/argentina (accessed: 22.07.2022).

20. La carta del Presidente al Brics para el ingreso de Argentina y el pedido de Gioja para que se llame "Bricsa" // Política Argentina. 19.05.2022. URL: https://www.politicargentina.com/notas/202205/44238-la-carta-del-presidente-al-brics-para-el-ingreso-de-argentina-y-el-pedido-de-gioja-para-que-se-llame-bricsa.html (accessed: 15.08.2022).

21. Ayerdi R. Fernández and Bolsonaro meet for only second time at Americas Summit // Buenos Aires Times. 10.06.2022. URL: https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/fernandez-and-bolsonaro-meet-for-only-second-time-at-americas-summit.phtml (accessed: 26.07.2022).

22. Boadle A. South American trade bloc looks left, hits bumps in the road // Reuters. 08.12.2022. URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-southamerica-mercosur-idUKBRE8B617920121207 (accessed: 14.08.2022).

23. Brazil GDP Growth Rate. Trading Economics. 06.08.2022. URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/brazil/gdp-growth

24. Razumovskij D.V. Ukaz. soch.

25. Bezerra M. Diplomatiya Zhaira Bolsonaru: demontazh traditsionnoj brazil'skoj vneshnej politiki // Iberoamerikanskie tetradi. – 2020. – a №8. S. 35-42. https://doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-3-35-42

26. Export value of goods from Russia in 2021, by major country of destination. Statista. June 2022. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1002015/russia-leading-export-partners/ (accessed: 22.09.2022).

27. Sutyrin, S., Trofimenko, O.Y., & Koval, A. (Eds.). (2019). Russian Trade Policy: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429464041

28. Russia almost doubles exports' value to Brazil in first half of 2022: mainly fertilizers and fuel // MercoPress: South Atlantic News Agency. 15.08.2022. URL: https://en.mercopress.com/2022/08/15/russia-almost-doubles-exports-value-to-brazil-in-first-half-of-2022-mainly-fertilizers-and-fuel (accessed: 22.08.2022).

29. de Castro Neves, L.A., Cariello, T. (2022). China’s Growing Presence in Brazil and Latin America. In: Wang, H., Miao, L. (eds) Transition and Opportunity. China and Globalization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8603-0_8

30. Top Presidential Candidates Overlook China in Government Plan // Folha de S. Paulo. 22.08.2022. URL: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2022/08/top-presidential-candidates-overlook-china-in-government-plan.shtml (accessed: 28.08.2022).

31. Harrison C., Wilkinson H. Latin American Leaders React to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine // Americas Society Council of the Americas. 11.04.2022. URL: https://www.as-coa.org/articles/latin-american-leaders-react-russias-invasion-ukraine (accessed: 23.08.2022).

32. Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao Lijian's Regular Press Conference. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People's Republic of China. 29.03.2021. URL: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/202103/t20210329_9170715.html (accessed: 12.09.2022).

33. Kozhanov N. Partnyory po sanktsiyam: chego khochet Moskva ot novogo prezidenta Irana // Forbes. 26.01.2022. URL: https://www.forbes.ru/society/453617-partnery-po-sankciam-cego-hocet-moskva-ot-novogo-prezidenta-irana (data obrascheniya: 16.09.2022).

34. MIDy Rossii i Irana obmenyalis' proektami dogovora o sotrudnichestve // Kommersant. 29.08.2022. URL:https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5535711 (data obrascheniya: 16.09.2022).

35. Zoubir Y. The United States and Algeria: A New Strategic Partnership? // Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 2011, Vol.5, Issue 4, Pages 1-27, DOI: 10.1080/19370679.2011.12023188

36. Bipartisan letter to US Secretary of State Blinken calls for sanctions on Algerian regime // The North Africa Post. 30.09.2022. URL: https://northafricapost.com/61268-bipartisan-letter-to-blinken-calls-for-sanctions-on-algerian-regime.html (accessed: 03.10.2022).

37. Production volume of natural gas in Africa as of 2021, by country. Statista. 11.11. 2022. URL https://www.statista.com/statistics/1197984/production-volume-of-natural-gas-in-african-countries/ (accessed: 14.11.2022).

38. Matallah, M.A.A., Benmehaia, M.A. and Benmebarek, A. Agricultural exports and potentials of Algeria: an econometric investigation through gravity model // International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2021, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp.319–335. DOI: 10.1504/IJEPEE.2021.114949

39. Fasanotti F. Europe turns to Algeria for natural gas // Geopolitical Intelligence Services. 20.10.2022. URL: https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/algeria-europe/ (accessed: 05.11.2022).

40. Agriculture in Algeria - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022-2027). Mordor Intelligence. 13.10.2022. URL: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/agriculture-in-algeria (accessed: 14.11.2022).

41. Leroueil J. Sovereign Wealth Funds: African States Can Do Better! // Ressources Magazine. 22.01.2022 URL:https://ressources-magazine.com/news/sovereign-wealth-funds-african-states-can-do-better/ (accessed: 10.11.2022).

42. Zardo F., Loschi S. EU-Algeria (non)cooperation on migration: A tale of two fortresses // Mediterranean Politics, 2022, Vol.27, Issue 2, Pages 148-169, DOI: 10.1080/13629395.2020.1758453

43. Ghebouli Z. The war in Ukraine: A test for Algiers’ non-alignment doctrine. Middle East Institute. 07.07.2022. URL: https://www.mei.edu/publications/war-ukraine-test-algiers-non-alignment-doctrine (08.11.2022).

44. Kutlay M., Öniş Z. Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence? // International Affairs, Vol. 97, Issue 4, July 2021, Pages 1085–1104, https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab094

45. Alti A. Explaining Turkey’s interest in BRICS // Asia Times. 02.08.2018. URL: https://asiatimes.com/2018/08/explaining-turkeys-interest-in-brics/ (accessed: 20.08.2022).

46. Turkey’s 2023 Elections: The Opposition Bloc’s Strategy & Prospects. Middle East Institute. 10.06.2022. URL: https://www.mei.edu/events/turkeys-2023-elections-opposition-blocs-strategy-prospects (accessed: 23.07.2022).

47. 80% of Turks 'neutral' to war between Russia and Ukraine // Fondazione PIME Onlus – AsiaNews. 05.03.2022. URL: https://www.asianews.it/news-en/80-of-Turks-'neutral'-to-war-between-Russia-and-Ukraine-55291.html (accessed: 06.07.2022).

48. Ünlühisarcıklı O., Tastan K., Canbilek S. Turkish Perceptions of the European Union 2022. German Marshall Fund. 14.04.2022. URL: https://www.gmfus.org/news/turkish-perceptions-european-union-2022 (accessed: 25.08.2022).

49. Egypt: Overview. The World Bank. 16.05.2022. URL: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/egypt/overview accessed: 25.08.2022).

50. Rabinovitch A., El Safty S.EU, Israel and Egypt sign deal to boost East Med gas exports to Europe. Reuters. 15.06.2022. URL: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/eu-israel-egypt-sign-deal-boost-east-med-gas-exports-europe-2022-06-15/

51. Liam D. Egypt’s Sukhoi Su-35Es sold to Iran due to US pressure // Military Africa. 05.09.2022. URL: https://www.military.africa/2022/09/egypts-sukhoi-su-35es-sold-to-iran-due-to-us-pressure/ (accessed: 10.09.2022).

52. Hogan M. U.S. wheat offered lowest in Egypt's GASC tender, traders say // NASDAQ. 19.07.2022. URL:https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/u.s.-wheat-offered-lowest-in-egypts-gasc-tender-traders-say (accessed: 10.09.2022).

53. International Trade. Q1. 2022. General Authority for Statistics. 10.07.2022.URL: https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/ITR%20Q12022E.pdf (accessed: 13.09.2022).

54. Parker J., Lynch T. Russia and Saudi Arabia: Old Disenchantments, New Challenges // Strategic Perspectives. 2021. No. 35. https://www.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratperspective/inss/Strategic-Perspectives-35.pdf (accessed: 13.09.2022).

55. Flush With Oil Profits, Saudi Arabia Pours $7.5 Billion into U.S. Stocks from Amazon to Microsoft // Wall Street Journal. 16.08.2022. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-fund-spends-oil-windfalls-on-7-5-billion-in-u-s-stocks-from-amazon-to-microsoft-11660645409 (accessed: 29.08.2022).

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate